Early Childhood Teacher And A Psychologist - 1525 Words

Item Title Page 1. Introduction 3 2. Job Description 7-5 2.1. Early Childhood Teacher 4 2.1.1 Tasks 5 2.1.2. Personal Requirements 5 2.1.3. Education and Training 5 2.2. Psychologist 5-7 2.2.1 Tasks 5 2.2.2. Personal Requirements 6 2.2.3. Education and Training 7 3. My Personal Skills, Attributes and Values 7-8 3.1. Skills 7 3.2. Attributes 7 3.3. Values 8 4. Which Job Do I Suit Better? 8 Contents 1. Introduction Two jobs that I have always been extremely interested in include, an early childhood teacher and a psychologist. I believe that one day I will be in one of these two careers. An early childhood teacher, also known as a pre-primary or preschool teacher, work with children aged 0-8 usually. They plan educational activities and programs for young children. As an early childhood teacher you will work in state or territory pre-school centres, early education classes, community kindergartens and community childcare centres. A psychologist studies human behaviour and the processes associated with how people think and feel. They conduct research to provide treatment and/or counselling to their clients (children, adults, couples, families and organisations) to reduce behavioural and psychological problems. There is several types of specialists including: a clinical neuropsychologist, a clinical psychologist, an educational and development psychologist, a forensic psychologist, a health psychologist, an organisational psychologist and a sport and exercise psychologist.Show MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Stress On Child Development887 Words   |  4 Pagesfactor for development, but can be offset by various protective factors. In order to best combat the negative effects of stress on child development, it is imperative for early childhood education to intervene when children seem to be at risk for toxic levels of stress. Therefore, I have created a day-long event for early childhood educators to learn more about this issue, and to collaborate with one another to help solve this threat to development. This workshop will consist of activities throughoutRead MoreEarly Childhood Care And Education Affect Cognitive Development762 Words   |  4 PagesBurger, K. (2009). How does early childhood care and education affect cognitive development? An international review of the effects of early interventions for children from different social backgrounds. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 25, 140-165. This article is about the effects of early interventions for children who come from different social backgrounds. Data was taken from various preschool programs in the U.S. and different countries to see if there was indeed a connection between theRead MoreAiding The Future. 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Howard Gardner did not believe that psychology was going to be his profession. He considered becoming a lawy er, a doctor or a teacher (Gardner, 2003, p.79). His interest inRead MoreMotivation And School Applications Of Motivation839 Words   |  4 PagesMotivation and School Applications Early theoretical models of motivation consider its source to be primarily instinctive (Schunk, 2012). The stimuli-response model of the behaviorist paradigm did not account for the cognitive aspects current theorists assert are intrinsic to the learning process (Martinez, 2010; Schunk, 2012). Behaviorism is the attempt to understand humans through observations of their actions rather than on a cognitive level and considers the learning process as a superficialRead MoreChildren s Development Of Self And Social Understandings883 Words   |  4 Pagesand self-worth. The chapter examines self-perceptions through the transformations through the years. The purpose of sense of self allows children to understand their motivations, influences their behavior and allows them to find their niche. Psychologists believe in order to achieve in positive sense of self, individuals should have a basic understanding of themselves. As children develop, they become aware of their deficits and may explain them positively to maintain a high sense of self. ChildrenRead MoreThe Emotional Development Of Young Children1085 Words   |  5 PagesFrom birth to about eight years of age, children are learning the meaning behind each emotion and how to appropriately use them to express themselves. Erik Erikson, psychologist, created an 8 socioemotional stage development theory explaining what skills were being developed at certain ages. Parental monitoring is important during childhood to determine their emotional progress to catch any delays or disabilities developing. Positive nurturing will create a more positive outcome in their education. AlsoRead Mor eChildhood Education : Early Childhood Special Education Essay1266 Words   |  6 Pages Early Childhood Special education Name: Institution: Early Childhood Special education 1-The role of play in learning in early childhood Special Education Play is usually a natural activity in early childhood and has significant importance in early childhood special education. Play assists in enhancing the children social competence, creativity, language development, and their thinking skills. Play is usually the key vehicle for the developing of language, social skulls in youngRead MoreEssay on Personality1466 Words   |  6 Pagestreatment of psychological disorders. The concept derives primarily from work of Russian psychologist Ivan Pavlov. Behavior-therapy techniques differ from psychiatric methods, particularly psychoanalysis, in that they are predominately symptom (behavior) oriented and shows little or no concern for unconscious processes, achieving new insight, or effecting fundamental personality change. The U.S. psychologist B.F. Skinner, who worked with mental patients in a Massachusetts State hospital, popularizedRead MoreEarly Childhood Education Essay1573 Words   |  7 PagesThe evolution of early childhood educati on has changed how adults and parents view the importance of offering stimulating and exciting opportunities to the very young. Early childhood Education offers the young child learning experiences that benefit them throughout their educational career. They soon embark on a whole new world of learning. These children are not only experiencing standard brain growth, but verbal and physical skills as well. Early childhood education teachers use a variation of

Apple Online Store Strategy Free Essays

GROUP B _Choose three core competencies of Apple Inc. How did these competencies allow Apple to make sense out of the recorded music industry in the early 200’s? How did they set the company up for robust first user advantage? How stable do those advantage seem now? (See Jay Barney’s Looking Inside for Competitive Advantage; Zook’s Finding Your Next Core Business). As the Internet based recorded music segment continues to evolve into other devices, will Apple’s competencies continue to generate advantage versus suc competitors as Research in Motion and Dell Inc. We will write a custom essay sample on Apple Online Store Strategy or any similar topic only for you Order Now ? Apple today is the leading player in the internet music industry with over 6 billion songs downloaded since the launch of its iTunes online music store, which today contains more than 10 million songs. Apple introduced iTunes and its online music store in 2001 when there were several major players, such as Amazon and Napster, competing for the market. However, Apple was able to outperform these competitors with its three main core competencies, software, retailing and branding. In 2003, Apple introduced the iTunes online music store that allowed customers to purchase and download songs directly from the store to their computer through iTunes, and then transfer them directly to their iPods. By that time, most of Apple’s competitors offered their customers songs through subscriptions, however they did not provide customers full control of the songs they purchased, i. e. , songs purchased would be lost once customer no longer subscribed. Apple was able to offer customer a whole new way of selling songs to customers. They allowed customers to buy songs like CDs, cassettes in store and never had their songs lost since there were no subscriptions required. In addition, Apple also allowed the customer to preview the songs they intended to purchase in order to avoid downloading the wrong songs. In order to be able to allow customers to purchase songs for a low cost, Apple managed to negotiate a landmark deal with biggest five music companies in the world, Warner, Universal, BMG, Sony and EMI. Songs offered by Apple were using DRM (Digital Right Management) technology to prevent the songs to be unlimited shared. However, the songs could be used to burn unlimited CDS and transferred to unlimited iPod. Since 2001, Apple had gained tremendous branding reputation for its iPod MP3 players. Since then, it has become the most popular MP3 player in the world. When iTunes online music store was introduced in 2003, Apple had provided an extremely convenient way for legally purchasing songs and transferring them directly to customers’ iPods. Therefore, Apple’s iTunes online music store was widely welcomed and accepted by a large number of customers. Apple was a pioneer in combining online music store and music management in one software that allow customers to conveniently purchase and manage their music. Since iTunes was introduced along with the first iPods, it has been well known for simplicity and user-friendly interface. Therefore, iTunes had largely contributed to the success of Apple’s online music store and the elimination of its competitors. As the internet based recorded music segment continues to evolve into other devices, Apple has taken another new strategies in selling music to customers. In June 2009, Apple has more than 10 million songs in its online music store, and since 2006, Apple started to take DRM off their songs and offer customers DRM-free songs. Eight million songs was DRM-free since June 2009 and Apple has been making effort to offer all of their songs free of DRM. Today, Apple does not have only iPod as their MP3 players, but they also have other devices such as iPhone, iPad and iPod Touch, that can all utilize the iTunes online music store. The introduction of iPhone and iPod Touch has provided Apple an opportunity to expand its iTunes store beyond a simple online music store to become an online entertainment store, which offers numerous varieties of movies, music, TV episodes, games, applications and books. This has made Apple become the leading brand in innovative technology and its brand ranking has been going up in recent years. ITunes itself also has gone through remarkably improvement in order to offer customers a simpler, more interesting and interactive way of browsing the online store. In general, despite intense competitions from other player such as Research in Motion and Dell Inc. , Apple has been able to outperform them and offer customers the most unique and efficient way of purchasing music and other online entertainment contents. This has been proved by growing stock prices, and increasing profit figures since Apple iTunes online music store was introduced in 2003. How to cite Apple Online Store Strategy, Papers

Legos My Childhood Nemesis free essay sample

They stared at me, challenging me to try it on my own. Everything about them mocked me. I tried to venture into the abyss of creativity, but my mind always came up blank. Thus was the story of my luck with Lego’s. It may seem to be a funny scenario, almost ridiculous. Nonetheless, it was true. When my brothers dumped their teeming bin of toys onto the floor, I would sit among them, desperately lost. While they dove into the pile of possibilities, I sat intently trying to think of some brilliant car or ship to build on my own. In the end I always gave up and turned to the usual instruction manuals, long ago abandoned by my brothers. What I did not realize was that each time I set out to master the art of Lego’s, I was embarking on a quest of much greater value. I was honing my ability to be organized and to accept who I am. We will write a custom essay sample on Legos: My Childhood Nemesis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page One skill I perfected early in my Lego career was organization. First I started out organizing by color. One pile for red, one for black, another for blue, and so on. But before long I realized that color really had little to do with the use of each specific piece. I found that instead, the shape was much more important. And so then I would mix them all up and start all over again. The long skinny ones here, short fat ones over there, and the usual pile of miscellaneous items that didn’t seem to fit anywhere. This vital skill is one that I’ve kept with me my entire life. Organization is a fundamental for success. But if used alone, it sometimes leads to nowhere. Instead, I have had to learn how to unite organization with purpose. I have served as an officer in numerous clubs, and keeping organized has been one of my strongest assets. But now I am learning that by placing purpose behind the method, I end up with an effective strategy to accomplish my goals. The next skill was one that I honestly didn’t want, learning to accept myself. Time and time again I found myself scratching my head, trying frantically to think of something creative to make, but nothing ever came to mind. Many times I went to bed with the bitter taste of defeat still annoying the taste buds of my pride. I could have given up after my second try to produce something artistic, but instead I learned the value of accepting who I was. For some reason I am just the kind of girl who was made to follow instructions. This probably bothered me was because it wasn’t who my brothers were. They could think of brilliant designs for racecars and made them come to life right before my eyes. I wanted to be just like them, to be able to think up something and then hold it in my hands. Instead, I always found myself making a replica of someone else’s bright idea. But once I accepted the fact that my brain just worked that way, there was no turning back. Richard Bach said it perfectly: â€Å"Your only true obligation in any lifetime is to be true to yourself.† At the end of the day we would turn to the daunting task of picking up the colossal mess that lay on the floor. Our carefully crafted masterpieces were purposefully left out to be admired by all. My brothers would have a collection of models that they proudly displayed to Mom and Dad. I often had only one. Nonetheless, I was proud of my work. Every step had been tediously followed, every piece dutifully sought after, and in the end I was satisfied. My organization had paid off and I felt a sense of personal fulfillment. Little did I know that years down the road I would look back on those days and be grateful for Lego’s, my childhood nemesis.

Peter Skrzynecki free essay sample

Belonging is feeling a sense of acceptance, familiarity and unity, whether it is in a group of friends, family or within the community; however, barriers to belonging can exist. Peter Skrzynecki’s poem 10 Mary Street, emphasizes belonging to the family. Skrzynecki’s poem St Patrick College, depicts alienation in a community. The advertisement, Financial Disadvantage is About More Then Just Money, by the Smith Family, explores the idea of not being able to belonging to society. Belong to the family is reflected in Peter Skrzynecki’s poem 10 Mary Street, which explores the strong connection the Skrzynecki family develops with each other and their new home in Australia. The use of anaphora with the collective pronoun â€Å"we† emphasizes the unity of the family existence. As the poet depicts the habitual routine of the family, which is shown through the simile of â€Å"like a well-oiled lock†, he evokes a comforting image of familiarity. We will write a custom essay sample on Peter Skrzynecki or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The use of imagery to portray the poet’s home displays a positive and caring environment, where vegetables and flowers flourish under care, representative of the family unit. We know from the poem Feliks Skrzynecki, that the poets father is the gardener.. The home was also a place where the family was able to preserve â€Å"pre-war Europe,† and maintain their cultural identity, through the exchange of memories, and the sharing of cultural food. Sustaining these cultural customs fostered a connection between migrants as they were able to share in each others experiences. Overall this poem is the portrayal of a cohesive family unit, working and living harmoniously together. In contrast, not belonging to a Community is demonstrated in Peter Skrzynecki’s poem St. Patricks College, which is a reflective piece that explores his institutional alienation. Skrzynecki’s mother enrolled him in St. Patricks College when she first saw the â€Å"uniforms of her employers sons. † She wanted to give her son every opportunity possible to belong to a school community and assimilate into Australian society. Instead, Skrzynecki became a outsider. Whilst recounting his daily routine of traveling to school, Skrzynecki’s words give of a sense of displacement. He uses the simile â€Å"like a foreign tourists† to indicate his lack of connection to the school environment. He also uses the paradox â€Å"uncertain of my destination every time I got off† to show his inability to seek comfort within this daily routine. Throughout the poem there are also several references to the school’s strong Catholic affinity, which contrasts with the non-religious standing of the poet. When Skrzynecki talks about his â€Å"Christian decorums for homework† and his ability to â€Å"say the Lord’s Prayer in Latin, all in one breath,† his obvious use of dismissive and sarcastic tones show his lack of connection to the spiritual life of the college. It is clear that in his time at the school, the poet’s individuality and identity has been stifled due to conforming to the strict educational codes. It is only after he leaves the school that his â€Å"light shines. † Similarly, inability to belong to Society is shown through the advertisement Financial Disadvantage is About More Than Just Money by The Smith Family. The Smith Family is an organisation that aims to help disadvantaged children by giving them educational opportunities. The salient image in this advertisement is the little girl, who’s posture shows that she has low self-esteem. Her facial expression indicates that she had given up. The positioning of the child alone on a bench, visually conveys her alienation and loneliness, due to her segregation from all groups. Second in the ‘reading path’ is the text, a block of handwritten words around the child, that suggest a constant fog of depression weighing her down. The text uses the multiple voices of, parents, teachers, peers and self, and their narrative choices to represent the negative interaction between them and the child. For example, the use of â€Å"we have no money for that,† â€Å"well below average,† â€Å"get away from us† and â€Å"what did I do wrong? Additionally, the eyes of the young girl serve as a vector to the text below, which gives the statistics that there are 680,000 disadvantaged kids, similarly â€Å"shunned and excluded† who need The Smith Family’s help. The Smith Family were trying to creates an emotional response in the reader, showing the child as powerless and therefore the onus is on the responder to take action. The effectiveness of this ad will solicit donations. In conclusion, Peter Skrzynecki’s poem 10 Mary Street, emphasizes belonging to the family. Skrzynecki’s poem St Patrick College, depicts alienation in a community. The advertisement, Financial Disadvantage is About More Then Just Money, by the Smith Family, explores the idea of not being able to belonging to society. In Peter Skrzynecki’s poems, any problems he might encounter with belonging stem from his Polish background rather then the lack of a loving family. Both poems examined show strong family support, first from his family unit and secondly from his mother.

Cognitive Behavioral

Cognitive Behavioral ers, it can be generally summarized that these factors have become integrally important for the needs of the contemporary applied psychology. However, another group of no less authoritative psychological luminaries fervently support the idea that the concepts of the case formulation and case evaluation are the issues which will determine the entire subsequent evolutional development of this field of contemporary psychology. With regard to the establishment of the private practice, the importance of these concepts should never be underestimated due to the following facts. First and foremost, despite all the criticism, the process of case formulation is indeed the most effective technique utilized for the determination of the diagnosis of the patient and the identification of these major deviations that should be subjected to the subsequent treatment. Moreover, in this context is should be additionally highlighted that the process of case formulation can be used for the needs of experience encapsulation. Since the individual cases and the ways the ailments of those cases were treated are summarized and collected in one study, the mentioned encapsulation can be used for the needs of the subsequent practice. The Role of the Therapist Therapist is known to be the individual specialist who eradicates various ailments diagnosed among the patients. The role played by him/her individually is immensely important for the needs of the contemporary medical practice in general and the proliferation of the CBT therapy in particular, since he/she is the major linking chain between the theory and the practice. Moreover, the concept of evaluation techniques is no less important, since this technique is also among the most contributive primarily due to the fact that since the methods of the disorders evaluation are gradually accumulated, processes and the inferences thereof are always made, more complicated cases that will be encountered in future will be diagnosed and cured with ease. Besides, this theory really facilitates the practicing community to identify the sources of distorted or dysfunctional way of thinking which are reviewed as the most fundamental grounds for the majority of the contemporary psychological disorders. The Importance of Assessment within the CBT Practice However effective the cognitive behavioral therapy may be, before the efficacy is proven for the international medical scholarly and practicing communities, the tactics and their efficiency should be independently tested. Alongside with the healing techniques, diagnosis formulation and effective patient treatment, the determination of the CBT efficiency with recourse to the assessment methods is becoming increasing important. It is a widely accepted fact that the methods of case formulation and case evaluation are among the most effective toolkits which are utilized to archive the practice of the practicing community. In this context, it should be accentuated that the practicing community always recourse to the above discussed methods. The methods of case formulation and case evaluation are ubiquitously reported to be among the most widely applied methods of data interchange among the psychologists and psychiatrists. These tools really help to accumulate, archive and effectively transmit information which relates to the negative automatic thoughts, which are regarded by the international scholarly community as one of the major sources of the mentally-related disorders and ailments, negative behavior and demeanor and somatic reactions of the patients and clients. More importantly, the discussed techniques are considered as being vitally important for the needs of formulation and concretization of the working hypothesis in each individual case of the detected deviations or dysfunctions of a patient or a client. The blueprint scheme is always completed on the basis of these assumptions and the theoretical inferences and practical evidences obtained as a result of the processes relating to the formulation and evaluation are necessarily applied within the course of the subsequent treatment of the targeted patients. As far as the treatments of the anxiety, panic disorder or depression are concerned, several specific important assumptions should be stressed. First and foremost, conventional algorithms of the problem formulation and evaluation, discussed in the previous abstracts are to be followed. In other words, it is integrally important for the needs of successful ailment detection and subsequent treatment that the problem is to systematically analyze and process in full accordance with the procedures of the cognitive theory model. The treatment of the most common panic disorders is peculiar in contrast to the rest of the frequently encountered disorders. First and foremost, the panic disorders treatment involves a multiple set of sedative and appeasement techniques designed to stabilize the state of the patient and to make him susceptible to the subsequent treatment.

Animal Farm by George Orwell Essay Animal Farm Essays

Animalism in many ways does symbolize Communism. Animalism for the animals would be a perfect land, no rich, no poor, and everyone is equal. They all would own the same amount of the farm. No animal would be above any other animal. As in a communistic society, they would all work the same and receive the same. The government would own everything and they people would own the government. In both Animalism and Communism, their goal was a society in which the workers, not the capitalists, owned all the means of production. To reach this ideal situation, a transition period was needed, during which the government controlled the economy. The government guaranteed hospitalization, education, housing, and pension plans, as well as jobs. In Animal Farm, the animals did receive some of those features while Snowball was with them. The people, as well as animals, in turn, gave up every indication of freedom. Thus, everyone would share equally in the benefits of production, and everyone would ha ve an equal share in the goods that were produced. The government (pigs), regardless of demand, determined supply. Everyone was forced to work...

Human Rights Act 1998 6(3)(b) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Human Rights Act 1998 6(3)(b) - Essay Example This pigeonholing of information meant for the common people of a democratic country only serve to increase ambiguity about the nature and extent of their existence and most importantly the essential function they possess to help the citizen of the state. Statutory interpretation of Section 6 of the Act makes the understanding of two types of "public authority" seemingly quite clear-cut within the sphere of judicial classification. Obvious public authorities, private authorities that act publicly and as per section 6 (3)(a), those bodies who may be part of any court or tribunal2. Thus Public Authority stands precariously at a very sharp contrast to the given fundamental rights under the British Constitution Law. Briefly, the 6(3)(b) may be seen as one of those restrictive clauses that seek to curb those given rights under imposing specifications that though clarify their function of being exhaustive to their cause, is nonetheless oppressive to universal ideology of the Human Rights. Thus the actual impacts of exercise of such rights are important to the present condition, which shall indicate where our future is headed. Hermeneutics of law is an important step towards grasping the closest interpretation of an evolving constitution that exist side by side to so many case law challenges. To accommodate international or rather European Convention of Rights' incorporating Human Rights law nationally the British Constitution must also revise its fundamental problems of laws full of gaps. The Leonard Cheshire3 case successfully brought forth new interpretation and classification of bodies of 'pure' public authorities. These fell outside the scope and target of the Act since the court had narrowed the whole idea of the 'public authority' for the specific category of section 6(3)(b). The case centered on a home care foundation called the Leonard Cheshire Foundation was unable to fight for the fundamental rights called voicing out. They were thus met with a lot of resistance when they tried to fight against the decision that directed closure of the home thereby leaving the residents free to go wherever they will. This act of closure was problematic to the residents since under the Human Rights Act 1998 the home was being subjected to disrespect by them and the major issue got tied up with finding an apt definition for Leonard Cheshire, which ultimately was declared a non public authority and thus it changed the way human rights act was applicable in its context anymore. The event is familiar to all, but the act requires us to think a step further about the case of fundamental rights being held at variable contexts and thereby being subject to being called null and void when it acted in favor of the residents by helping them find placements too. Similar was the case of Johnson v. London Borough of Havering in 2007 when the Court of Appeal made decision of another care home being governed by the local authority. The transfer from them to another private sector was proposed which brought alarming issues of human rights act and its legitimacy or applicability under the private sector. Hum an rights act enjoyed under the governmental concern would invariably lead to a confusing turn of being loosened and ultimately becoming in effective in the future. Thus under the private sector the public and the private would not be a separate domain at all and be under the constant threat of being violated without any fixed line drawn legally to act in favor of its citizens.

Quantifying systemic risk in the European banking sector. A Research Paper

Quantifying systemic risk in the European banking sector. A multidimensional approach - Research Paper Example Systemic risk is the ultimate threat, its sources are varied and the propagation mechanisms involve major imbalances. The financial banking domain supports the present research, a choice motivated by the imperative of identifying potential risk-carrying factors in order to deeply analyse their impact and raise mechanisms for an efficient calibration of financial exposure levels. A major breakup within the banking sector, initially designed to serve the real economy generates severe imbalances with long-term implications for the whole financial industry and potential destructive nature for the economic environment. The preference for this topic is justified by its actuality and utmost importance for the European banking, financial community and the entire economic arena. Banks’ policies and strategies, new products, technologies and services, competition policies and the competitive environment provide space for risk’s rise. In addition, the increased level of financial integration and the globalization ties facilitate the appearance of new contagion channels, as previous banking experiences and worldwide tensions show. Mapping the current needs of the global economy means to identify risks and quantify their effects. A major challenge is to restore and strengthen the financial and economic stability and the prerequisite for achieving this goal is the understanding of systemic risk nature, its sources in terms of structures and sizes. The rich existing academic literature focused on theoretical models and empirical evidences around the systemic risk notion and the effects on the entire financial-banking industry support the importance of the addressed subject. The new global realities and the features of the regulatory and supervisory activities underline the need for a more powerful, solid crises management and European solutions for managing systemic risk. I. Literature review The first theoretical approaches on systemic risk can be traced back t o the period 1929-1933, during the Great Depression; as a distinctive figure, history invokes John Maynard Keynes1, who describes the economy marked by a shock in the financial system - a sequence of events generically called contagion. Broadly speaking, systemic risk is related to complex negative events simultaneously affecting institutions, markets and networks. In a narrow sense, the core element of the term is the contagion from one market structure to another. Explaining the notion of systemic risk requires a clarification of concepts proceeding and succeeding its rise: the systemic event, and respectively, the systemic crisis. A systemic event occurs when negative information about an institution spreads in the system and adversely impacts the participants. Allen and Gale (2000) and Freixas, Parigi and Rochet (2000) examine the risk of contagion in the shape of a domino effect, as an essential element of the systemic risk architecture. High-impact systemic events (for example , a bank collapse result of an initial shock) translate into contagion; if the shock doesn’t lead to failure, the event can be narrowed. A systemic event has two components: the shocks (idiosyncratic, systematic) and the propagation mechanisms. If idiosyncratic shocks affect individual financial institutions, systematic shocks spread across the whole economy and imbalance all financial structures in the same time. Systematic shocks are reflected in

Police Officer Job Description Essay Example for Free

Police Officer Job Description Essay Police officers in cooperation with the general public are in front line to fight and prevent criminal activities. The officers respond to the needs of the people in the community. With the use of technology, the officers should be able to gather enough information that can help in the prosecution of offenders. The police officer is required to carry out some specific duties as directed by the shift sergeant, as a way of maintaining and enforcing laws. The officer has to investigate complaints, ensure order is maintained, help people, and identify criminals. Identifying problems associated with enforcing law, conflict resolution, and assisting the public whenever need be are also part of the officer’s duties. You will also be called to carry out some activities that require physique such as containing violent people or animals, and be able to run fast when responding to distress calls. The supervision for the officers is carried out in a general form (Higher Education Careers Professionals, 2008). Essential duties As an officer, there are essential duties you have to perform, but there are other duties that you might be required to carry out as well. The main duties include detecting and apprehending those who act against the laws. The officer will be required to take necessary steps incase of physical hazards and law breaking activities by criminals. You are also required to take necessary actions whenever there are distress and emergence calls (LS/TB/JO, 2006). While on shift, you will be required to carry out investigations on issues that might occur during the period, and come up with the best action to take. As an officer, you have to reassure the community of their safety by ensuring frequent presence. In all these, you will be required to write a report indicating all activities that took place while on shift. Finally, you have to complete a departmental report that will have to be forwarded to the relevant authorities (Higher Education Careers Professionals, 2008). Minor duties may include; carrying out a review on reports about the incidences occurring while on duty, giving testimony about such incidences, and finally, you will be required to carry out any duty assigned by the supervisor. Education, Ability and Skills Applicants must be at least high school graduates, but priority will be given to college graduates. The applicants should not be less than 21 years of age. The applicants should exhibit the ability to identify problems and come up with sound solutions from analyzing all the available alternatives. In case of unexpected situations, you should show the ability to respond very quickly and swiftly. There are different working conditions which you must have the ability to work in all of them. In case of emergency, you must have the ability to work with the patrol car, and must be able to get in and out of it easily. There is a physical and agility test that all the applicants must be able to pass during their graduation. With the increased technological use, you need to have knowledge of computer usage and cameras. Applicants must be able to communicate fluently both verbally and written means, to the departmental members and the entire public (LS/TB/JO, 2006). In general, the duties of the police expose the officers to the challenging tasks and diverse activities. After serving as a police officer for sometime, one is entitled to rise to the other specialized areas like the Criminal Investigation Department (CID).

The Power of the Media to Influence Public Opinion Essay -- Media and

Police officers are an integral part of our society, they exist to establish and maintain stability and safety for the citizens which are in their jurisdiction. However, that great responsibility does not come without a downside, when people are given power there will always be someone who will abuse it. Our law enforcement staff is no exception to this rule; in 2010 there were 4,861 reports of police misconduct in the United States (NPMSRP). Police misconduct can mean anything from fraud or theft, to sexual assault or the use of excessive force. These are all fairly serious allegations and for many officers these are career ruining. Notwithstanding, there are also many police officers, like the police officers responsible for the famous Rodney King case, who merely get a slap on the wrist for the crimes which they have committed - that is until the media took hold of the case. The media was a very large part of not only the Rodney King case, but also many other cases throughout his tory. In this paper I will demonstrate several famous cases of police brutality throughout the globe and the influence of both the media and the new emerging forms of social media on both the process and the eventual outcome of said cases. Tiananmen Square One of the most famous cases of police brutality in history was easily the events which occurred during the Tiananmen Square protests in the spring of 1989 . This event was started by a group of students who wished to incite a sort of â€Å"Cultural Revolution† (Zhao). These peaceful protests included many events of anâ€Å"American† sort such as rock concerts and managed to unite much of the nation after the death of Hu Yaobang. (Pan 1) They came from the walled compounds of the Communist Party elite an... ...rned-from-rodney-king>. Pan, Philip P. Out of Mao's Shadow: The Struggle for the Soul of a New China. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2008. Print. Su, Yang. "Uptodate." Uptodate. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Feb. 2015. . United States. National Security Agency. Secretary. N.p.: n.p., n.d. Web. 20 Feb. 2015. . Wilson, Stan. "Riot Anniversary Tour Surveys Progress and Economic Challenges in Los Angeles." CNN. Cable News Network, 01 Jan. 1970. Web. 20 Feb. 2015. . Zhao, Ziyang (2009). "The origins of the 1989 Student Movement". Prisoner of the State: The Secret Journal of Premier Zhao Ziyang. Simon & Schuster. Print.

HRM and educational progress Essay

ABSTRACT The Human Resources Department of any organization present in any industry is one of the most important aspects of organizational progress. IT is through this department that the human resources of the company would have the motivation that they needed to be able to perform well for the betterment of the entire organization’s future. It is undeniable that through this department, everyone else in any organization is empowered to arrive at a certain level of determination to do something good not only for their own welfare but for the welfare of others as well. Within the paper that follows, the industry of education and its progressive advancement shall be observed and noted as the role of human resources management department is also being outlined along the way. This study is proceeded to at least clarify the issues proving that human resource management is a vital part of any organization’s system of operation. English as a Second Language or ESL programs are considered one of the most important courses offered by learning institutions today whether on personal basis or through on-line teaching. In this manner, institutions are also encouraged handle ESL programs to be able to meet the needs of a growing market of people who are expected to speak professional English. Hence, even business administrations are being invigorated to host an ESL program even for their own employees alone. Many business administrators believe that this step of improvement would naturally bring their company great rewards especially with regards to being globally competitive. However, when it comes to the part of the learning institutions, taking this big step of adjustments towards providing adult students with professional business English basics may not be that easy to imply. Certainly, a certain level of motivation is needed to be able to meet this requirement of the growing market of people who are able to speak English as their second language. The utilization of the right motivation procedure is indeed the key to this factor of needed adjustments especially for the educators. ESL students come from all ages and all races as well. This is the reason why teaching the said clients of education would not only require professional application of the standard teaching procedures, it also adds up the fact that there is a need for the educators to adjust with the people they are supposed to deal with during the class. They must be bale to recognize the existence of cultural diversity in the class. Thus, this means that the teachers should at least cater to the individual differences of the students as well. What motivation could be applied? Is there any way by which the educators could be moved to get along with the adjustments that are needed for the program? In this regard, the ESL programs hosted in Toronto shall be examined in this paper. This is especially focused on how the educators were mainly encouraged to adjust themselves with the program and how the said motivations gave fine results for the educating processes of the said state. Problem Statement It has been mentioned earlier that there is a dire need of producing or formulating programs that suits the need of adults and young students as well to learn business English for them to be prepared in facing the real business world later on. Hence, the problem that is to be discussed in this paper is much related on the way that the educators were motivated to make the necessary adjustment for the said program applications. The following are among the questions to be answered: †¢ How could the educators be moved to take advantage of the current need of ‘producing’ students who are able to speak English as their Second Language, thus giving the business industries higher competencies in the future? †¢ How should the educators feel about the progressive teaching strategies that the program requires of them? †¢ Would there be progress in applying the necessary points of consideration in the said program, especially with regards to teaching strategies? These questions shall serve as guidelines for the author of this paper in completing the required data for this assignment. Purpose of the Study The main reason why this study has been commenced is to be able to show the important factors that motivational procedures contribute to the success of different educational programs offered specifically in Toronto. These programs involve different adjustments especially with regards to cultural diversity as well as age gaps among students. Hence, the purpose of this study is to show that success is possible especially when it comes to programs such as ESL provisions when the procedures are based upon fine motivational idealisms of the administrators. This paper is also supposed to show the effect of the motivational procedures not only for the educators but for the students as well. Hence, this study is mostly inclined on the cost and effect processes of both teaching and learning as well. Scope and Limitation of the Study Among the measure of the scope of this study includes the motivational programs used among the ESL educators in Toronto and how far has these motivational procedures contributed to the success of the ESL programs offered in the said state. On the other hand, this study could be limited on the basis of its lack of access to actual interviews which could contribute to further practical presentation of the matter being discussed. Hence, the author is simply basing this study on journals and professional forms and books that caters to the needs of the said topic. The sources though are examined to have specific authentication of being published for reading to ensure the accuracy of the reports. The said sources of the study shall be discussed and reviewed in the chapter to follow.

Ethical Leadership is a Serious Matter Essay

At his first day in office as president, Barack Obama immediately signed an executive order that mandates his appointed senior government officials to adhere to a new set of ethics that proscribes them from receiving gifts from lobbyists. Clearly, Obama treats ethics as a serious matter in leadership through public service. I firmly believe that ethics should be one of the primary concerns of any leader since an organization that fails to adhere to proper codes of conduct is most likely to rot from within, degrading the quality of the services it offers to immeasurable lengths. To aspire to become a leader of exemplary ethical values is to aim at a monumental target that can only be reached through perseverance and dedication. Despite all possible odds, I aspire to become a genuine ethical leader to the fullest degree I am capable of. To achieve that end, I am more than willing to have forks in the road, as I had in the past, just to continue my development process as an ethical leader. I have been a Phi Theta Kappa Vice-President for 2 years; leadership is no longer an unfamiliar concept on my part. During the length of my service in the organization, I have learned that leaders are not only born—they are also made. Fundraisers and community events have been an integral part of the organization’s general agenda. Those are where my leadership skills have been honed until today and I intend to carry-on with my roles in future similar events so as to further enhance my leadership skills. However, I understand that leaders should not simply confine themselves within the boundaries of their groups. Rather, they should learn to broaden their perspective and experience beyond the walls and ceilings that hide from their view a more elaborate world worthy to be explored. My efforts to put into action my idea of a leader with broad perspectives and experiences eventually led me to be a part of the Disaster Action Team in our community. I was no longer a mere leader within the academic institution; I became a certified community volunteer designated to run local fire calls when the need arises. It soon turned to be a mind-enhancing experience as I was able to absorb numerous ideas and skills that somehow only the society outside the academe can offer. Add to that my years of experience under the National Disaster Service Human Resources of the Red Cross and my leadership perspectives grew even further. All those years of service both in and out of the academe gave me a comprehensive understanding of human interaction, especially its role in fostering human relations. As I see it, interacting with people within and without our immediate circle is crucial in developing our ethical sensibilities. We may be able to designate tasks to our members and applaud them for the services they render, yet the lack of deep and constant interaction with them can hardly give us the benefit of knowing who they really are and how they behave. I believe that at the heart of my search for authentic ethical leadership is the need to evaluate how individuals think and act in certain situations, for it is through that understanding that leaders are be able to effectively administer their followers in ways that are guided by ethics. President Obama knew how Washington deals with lobbyists, which is why he prioritized the reformation of the code of ethics for senior government officials. I am willing to follow that lead. The best way for leaders to attain substantial interaction with their members is through a democratic style of leadership. In this leadership style, the leader allows members to contribute to the pool of ideas by engaging them in an interactive discussion and paying attention to what the members have to say. Moreover, the leader treats members with respect and dignity as they ought to be. On my part, I will go the extra mile by not only commenting on the things that my members have to say but also encouraging them to assess and reassess the course of my leadership. It is through that mutual exchange of ideas that I can begin to unearth the different personalities of my members and their personal behaviors on given occasions. With those things in mind, I will be able to formulate an action plan that encompasses the ethical principles that I expect my members to incorporate into the fulfillment of their individual tasks. Of course, the fact that I am a leader does not exclude me from following the set of ethical codes that I am going to execute. More to the point, I ought to lead by example. Perhaps the most important thing of all is to serve the needs of the society as much as possible or as much as organizational resources allow. To be a truly ethical leader, I am compelled to be of exemplary service to the society and to the people who are in need. To others, my active involvement in community service is more than enough to dignify me as an ethical leader who cares for others. But on my part, none of my previous accomplishments can ever be enough. I believe that ethical leaders do not grovel at the thought of a grand goal attainable within a specified timeframe. Rather, leaders immerse themselves into the inspiring idea that public service is an unending mission that stretches beyond a lifetime. A lifetime of public service is a lifetime of touching the lives of countless people both strangers and familiar faces alike. To be able to touch the lives of others is to be able to fill one’s moral worth. What better way can there be than to serve others through means which are not only effective but are ethically sound as well. Sages say that some leaders are born while others are made, and the way to effective leadership is through the mobilization of the group members—to which I agree. But I intend to expand that idea by incorporating ethical principles into a democratic style of leadership that seriously takes to heart the need for personal interaction coupled with a broad perspective. Indeed, perseverance and dedication to realize those goals stand as indispensable necessities. Reference Leadership Course Overview. (2009). Retrieved 2009, February 2, from http://www. ptk. org/leaddev/students/leadership-course-overview/

Green computing Essays

Green computing Essays Green computing Paper Green computing Paper Everyone use computer for its own purpose. But no one is aware about the harmful impacts of the use of computer on environment. Most of the CO 2 emission is produced through the heat generated by computer and its devices. The energy consumption by various computing devices is also plays a main role towards our harmful environment. This research paper analyzes the factors related to awareness of green computing among common man. It also includes a survey questionnaire which takes all the factors into account and before starting actual survey a pilot study for this questionnaire was done which confirm its acceptance. Keywords Environment, hazardous, manufacturer, CO emission, sustainable I. Introduction Green computing is the study of environmental sustainable computing. It is the study and practice of designing, manufacturing, using, and disposing of computers efficiently and effectively with minimal or no impact on the environment. The goal of green computing is to reduce the use of hazardous material and save our environment from its harmful impacts. CO emission also plays a big role to affect our environment and most of CO 2 emission is produced through the use of computer and its devices. Although computer is he basic need of every common man and they have to use it for time saving and to reduce human labor, but they also need to aware about its harmful impacts on our environment. : In this research paper take various factors related to the awareness of green computing also to check the every common mans knowledge about green computing and initiatives towards green computing taken through computer manufacturers and also taken by a common man. Factor Categories This questionnaire considers all the factors related to term green computing, its benefits and the initiatives of computer manufacturers and of common an towards green computing. All these factors are taken according to their suitable priority. It includes major factors and all these factors are taken as questions which can be answered in yes, no or dont know according to which we can easily consider the benefits and awareness of green computing towards common man so they can use their computer and its devices which are more sustainable to our environment and take some efforts to save our environment form the harmful impacts of CO 2 emission and hazardous material.

Technology and Capitalism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Technology and Capitalism - Essay Example This advertisement peg for his discourse allowed Hochschild to strongly argue that American society is currently being flooded by goods and services that promises people – busy people – of saving their precious time. Meanwhile, Sherry Turkle discourse on technology in Alone Together reinforced this take on capitalism today by explaining how tools and machines such as the Internet, personal computers, mobile phones and gadgets all became indispensable in modern way of life. Capitalism and Efficiency The concept of efficiency has been put forward in Hochschild’s culture of time (184). The argument is that in modern America, people are faced with the time dilemma. Most individuals have to balance personal/family life with work and career and all things in between. Here, the experience of American mothers was used as an example. With the Quaker Oats ad, it was depicted how mothers find it extremely challenging to spend quality time with their children when their job and occupations are also vying for an equal degree of attention. Hochschild identified that breakfast cereal – as suggested by its marketer – emerged as the solution for the dilemma. Modern capitalism made this possible. The oat brand is delicious and healthy, solving several problems for children as it provides a quality mother-child experience at the breakfast table and solves the child’s requirement for attention, love and well-being. The deliciously prepared oat meal, which any child will supposedly love is seen to qualify as sufficient for parents in order for them to let their children know they are loved and taken cared of. Finally, the oatmeal and the ease in its preparation provided the mother an opportunity to lessen time spent at home so she could be at her work or at her appointment on time. Turkle’s discourse on technology further explained Hochschild’s conception of time, efficiency and the permeation of goods and services that cater to the past two variables. She used technology and how it affected the lives of people today as the basis for her insights. The analogy is that technology has successfully ingratiated itself in the lives of people today because it addresses their main vulnerabilities. For instance, Turkle argued that people today are lonely and technology provides a convenient and perfect answer by providing an illusion of companionship without the demand for friendship (263). The pattern is clear: people are becoming dependent on the goods and services that can meet their demands for time and efficiency. The consequence is that people are increasingly substituting them for what is real. Substitution In Hochschild’s observation, people still value the conventional concepts of human relationship such as the family. Here, work and all other preoccupations are supposedly being undertaken in order for the family to survive and, do so comfortably. Ironically, this brings them further to it because the culture of work relegated family as a mere ideal, separate from what is real. To many people, wrote Hochschild, family is important morally and that they certainly cherish such ideal but â€Å"we don’t link what we think with what we do,† or we often say at work that we â€Å"don’t walk the talk at home (186). This perspective – the encapsulation of family as a mere ideal - supposedly make people reconcile the dilemma of the competing meanings in modern capitalism and its impact on modern necessities to traditional concepts such as the family. With technology, Turkle, provided several examples to this emerging preference for illusion and the substitution of goods and services for what is real. She pointed out, for instance: Some people are looking for robots to clean rugs and help with the laundry. Others hope for a mechanical bride. As sociable

Emotional Models Comparison Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Emotional Models Comparison - Essay Example It is stated by Robert Masters that feeling is an emotion that is physiologically based, but is sometimes also psychologically orientated; and emotion is psychosocially constructed, dramatized feeling. But there are a range of other definitions that defines emotion such as: In psychology and common use, emotion is the language of a person's mental state of being, normally based in or tied to the person's internal (physical) and external (social) sensory feeling. Love, hate, courage, fear, joy, sadness, pleasure and disgust can all be described in both psychological and physiological terms. Incidents of coordinated changes in several areas, including what has been called the 'reaction triad' of physiological arousal, motor expression, and subjective feeling, in response to either an internal or an external event of significant importance to an individual. To better understand the concept of emotion and the reason why it is difficult to define the term, it is necessary to compare the models developed by philosophers and academics such as William James, Carl Lange, Walter Cannon and Stanley Schachter. These are only some of the scholars who have made inroads in the field of emotions. This theory refers to the origin and nature of emotions theory developed independently by two scholars, William James and Carl Lange in the 19th century.

Psychology (mental illnesses) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Psychology (mental illnesses) - Essay Example In the process of analyzing the obscure emotions of the patient, the therapist can link them to the actual relationships that they cause, for example one's animosity to food or alcohol. The other technique is introduced by Carl Rogers. He is the founding father of the Person-centered approach, the most widely used technique in modern clinical psychology. This concept explores the healing of the psyche through empathy, active listening, and "mirroring" of the patient. This therapeutic intervention is focused on the immediate conscious experience rather than attempting to solve the unconscious. The transformative impact of Roger's therapy is that there is an unconditional positive attitude to the client "not as a scientist to an object, but as a person to a person (Rogers 22)". The theory of person-centered therapy suggests that the resources for someone to heal himself lie inside them. In today's global world where our daily activities mix with the technologies, telephone or internet therapy is something acceptable and understandable. The mental health programs where the treatment is conducted via internet or phone provide instant support and availability to patients in emergencies. However, the quick access advantage adds to other disadvantages.

Business and law Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Business and law - Case Study Example Their Lordships are far from denying that there is force in an argument on these lines. It is very natural to see something anomalous in the introduction into Malaya of a special rule of English law of this kind. Nevertheless, English law itself lied introduced into Penang, as part of the Straits Settlements, as far as it is applicable to the circumstances of the place. Regarding the pivotal clause 7.4, the case law principles governing proper construction, is in the view of the judges on the appeal is that change after the demise of the Bubble Act in nineteenth century England brought about 'a new legal framework transforming incorporation from a closely-guarded privilege into a freely available right.'12 But it seems to have been a 2A variety of factors led to that result. It however, did not receive a universal welcomed. The rise of the limited liability company faced substantial opposition from vested commercial interests fearful of competition from corporations and others, and f earful of the impunity of owners in the event of corporate insolvency. The objection by Steggles Limited in the House of Commons to the incorporation of a proposal by Yarrabee Chicken Company Pty Ltd has a certain modern resonance. ... The nature of the term, which the primary judge had implied into the contract, reflected that against that background, there is, no doubt, a major challenge for the legal adviser in communicating comprehensibly to those who conduct their business, through corporations, large and small, about the law, which those structures lie, created and which regulates their operation. That challenge remained enhanced when corporate structures lie allied, as they often are, to trust arrangements. On the grounds and case law, which the judges on appeal decide, is that which lies implied in terms of fact. These however do not required to give ‘business efficacy’ to the contract as The fact that Steggles was free at all times to determine the number of chicks or the density of the batches to be delivered to the Growers was very much at the heart of the contract. It shows that the contract stood weighted heavily in favor of the commercial interests of Steggles. 3With regard to this implie d term issue, it is sufficient in our view to say that the flaws in the Growers’ approach to the construction of cl 7.4 lay revealed in the difficulties, which her Honour discussed, in particular, in her second judgment. We do not consider it is necessary to address every argument considered and disposed of by the primary judge. In short, what would lie required by that construction of cl 7.4(a) was for Steggles to make extensive enquiries of Growers as to their ongoing capacity to rear chickens to remain processed at the Beresfield plant. Importantly, her Honour recognised that the act of her second judgment was so construed, and that the obligations of Steggles under the clause imposed some constraints

Benefits of Sport for Physically Disabled

Benefits of Sport for Physically Disabled Introduction This report investigates the significant benefits of recreation for people with physical disabilities. Two beneficial activities will be suggested. It will examine the contemporary issues associated with the group regarding participation in sport. Moreover outline the barriers to participation for people with physical disabilities and how these may be overcome. There are many barriers that can affect participation in sport. These can be intrinsic factors such as fear and anxiety. This could be based on low acceptance and expectations of performance. The individual may be influenced by the idea of being judged. Extrinsic factors can also be an issue; these can include the cost of attendance for the activities or venues. Public Transport may not be adequate or cost effective. Unqualified or inexperienced instructors can limit the experience for the individual therefore limit the desire for the individual to attend recreation activities. (Donald 2014) The National Disability Authority of Ireland (NDA) carried out a study on the importance of recreation, fitness and sport among people with disabilities. The purpose was to discuss their personal experiences whether good or bad and if they experienced any barriers for participation. This was an ideal way of getting first hand information which gave way for suggestions and preferences regarding participation. The findings from the study were startling due to the barriers and over all experience of recreation for the participants. (Murphy Carbone 2008). There was a variety of participants within different age groups, circumstance, disabilities and experiences in physical activities. Although the participants had good and bad experiences they stressed the importance of participation in recreation, sports and leisure and recommended proposals to overcome barriers. (Murphy Carbone 2008). Barriers to participation in Ireland In responsive to the survey, the Barriers that people experienced to participation in Ireland were the lack of information about the importance of fitness. There is insufficient transport for people especially in rural areas. Inadequate facilities within the community i.e. play grounds. Unpleasant experiences in schools and low expectations from teachers and peers were deemed critical. There is a lack of experienced facilitators, coaching and sponsorship within the community. Furthermore there is a lack of physical sports for people with disabilities in the media and poor PE provisions in schools were also substantial factors. (Murphy Carbone 2008). To overcome barriers to participation The factors that emerged through the survey for the fundamental participation and momentous quality experience of people with disabilities were outlined as follows: Improving facilities within the community such as playground elements so all persons can thoroughly enjoy. Ensure equality is addressed by increasing regulations through clear targets provision of services and information about the importance of exercise. Train teachers/educators and coaches with inclusive activities for all capabilities and put more recourses into service development. To improve PE experiences in schools by adaptation and more enjoyable physical activities from an early age. (nda 2014 Chapter 3). Kosma (2005) suggested that only 12% of people with physical disabilities partake regularly in physical activities. These barriers are significantly adding to the draw back on involvement with sports within the community for this cohort. (Kosma, 2005) In contrast to Kosmas research, Ward (2003) conducted a study on people with physical disabilities in the East of Ireland in relation to their viewpoint on activities within day centres. The purpose of the study was to identify the effectiveness of activities within the centres. It comes at no surprise to establish that the primary reason for attending day centres are for social and recreation. Out of 105 participants, 67.3% suggested that they attend day centres for social and recreational purposes. 19% suggested education purposes, 6.4% suggested respite care, 5.8% suggested they attend the centres to increase or maintain their mobility and 1.3% suggested that they attend to increase independence. (Ward, 2003) Importance of recreation for people with physical disabilities There are significant benefits for the participation in sport, recreation and leisure. These are based on health, fitness, participation within the community, independence and good sense of self while fundamentally enhancing quality of life, (Shank, Coyle, Boyd Kinney 1996). Schalock (1990) as cited in Eath Walls (2010) defined quality of life as â€Å"the outcome of individuals meeting basic needs and fulfilling basic responsibilities in community settings (family recreational, school and work). Individuals who are able to meet needs and fulfil responsibilities in ways satisfactory to themselves and to significant others in community settings experience a high quality of life in those settings†. (D’Eath Walls 2010 paper 6). Murphy Carbone (2008) outlined that children with disabilities are more inclined to be at risk of obesity than the general population. This risk is associated with the lack of exercise due to internal or external challenges. These challenges may be, not believe in ones own ability or others not believing in ones own ability which hinders motivation. The outcome of lack of participation in recreation can lead to a greater risk of health conditions over their life span. The connection of enduring health complications and immobility are feelings of decreased self-esteem and social acceptance and in turn can develop social exclusion and dependence. To support this occurrence, Article 31 of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, recognises the right of the child to rest and leisure, to engage in play and recreational activities appropriate to the age of the child and to participate freely in cultural life and the arts. (NDA, 2005) The Irish National Childrens Strategy (2001) states that children will have access to play, sport, recreation and cultural activities to enrich their experience of childhood and that children with a disability will be entitled to the service they need to achieve their full potential. (NDA, 2005) Disabilities can range from mild, moderate, severe to profound, what ever the variability it is crucial for the individual or group to be given the opportunity to participate in recreation, Sports and leisure as it can give them a sense of belongingness. Sense of belonging can create the feeling of being part of a team, sense of achievement and social inclusion. Belonging is in the middle of Maslows (1968) hierarch of needs and is deemed more important than self-esteem and self-actualisation. (Baumeister Leary 1995), Exercise is key to good health and overall wellbeing. Rimmer et al, (2010) p. 250 defined â€Å"exercise â€Å"as â€Å"planned, structured, repetitive, and purposive in the sense that the improvement or maintenance of one or more components of physical fitness is the objective.† Art and drama stimulates thinking and through this operation learning and creativity can perform. Participating in Gardening can give a sense of independents and production. Dr Thinguri R, et al (2008) argued that Participation in activities is the context in which people form friendships, develop skills and competencies, express creativity, achieve mental and physical health, and determine meaning and purpose in life.† ( Dr Thinguri, et al 2008) Contemporary issues The findings from the Second Annual Report (2008) focused on the relationship between incomes and playing sport. It suggested that the recession had a great impact on participation of sport in Ireland. Active Participation in sports fell to 30.8% in 2008, from 32.9% in 2007 due to the lack of resources and funding. In light of this, Funding has been redirected to the focus of the Special Olympics as the economic crash has greatly affected fundraising. Special Olympics Irelandhas been dependant on funding from the government and the public. Due to the stretch of the budgets, between 2008 and 2013 there was a huge cut of 59% in Governmentfunding within the Republic of Ireland thus reaching out more to the public than ever before. Considering the economic status however can be challenge for the public to commit to such benevolent. (ESRI 2009) The range of activities and the adaptations made to facilitate individuals with physical disabilities. Basket ball is widely associated with the Special Olympics. This sport in particular has many benefits for the participant such that it provides opportunities for social interaction and gives way for self-expression. Furthermore it teaches self-discipline and skills that are beneficial for various activities. More importantly it increases level of fitness and health. (Special Olympics 2014) Basketball can be adapted for many people with physical disabilities, for example a person who is a wheel chair user can use the two hand chest pass when shooting, can travel with ball in lap for two pushes of the wheelchair. The person can only dribble twice and then must pass to team player, shoot or take two more pushes of wheelchair. Put all players in wheelchairs so all players are equal in game and make sure all players remain seated though the duration of the game. (Walter, 2008). Basketball can help individuals improve their muscle strength and stamina. It minimises the risk of coronary heart disease. Helps control joint swelling and pain associated with arthritis. It can help reduce blood pressure in some people with hypertension. Furthermore it can minimise the risk of diabetes and colon cancer. (CDC, 2014) Although basketball is beneficial is not cost effective. Transport and a venue can be very costly. Some People with disabilities have free travel but public transport may not be equipped with relevant facilities to meet the needs of individuals. To overcome this issue, there are initiatives in place to help with funding such as the Irish Sports Council (ISC). This initiative can help eliminate costs of private transport and with the use of disability cards, individuals can apply for inexpensive memberships in leisure centres. The Irish wheel chair association (I.W.A) is a non profit organisation who also recognises the important of recreation for people with physical disabilities. They aim to achieve participation in areas such as basket ball and swimming. Swimming is a significant source of fun in collaboration with exercise and can be adapted to the needs of individuals with disabilities. Such that those who have mobility issues and are wheel chair users can attend a facility with slopes if desired. This can help the individual to easily access the water without hoist assistance â€Å"if not necessary† thus empowering independence. Additionally Swimming is a magnificent cardiovascular activity with great benefits to health. By moving limbs inward and outward and by using a kicking motion can improve the functions of the muscles, lungs and circulation of the blood. (Healthy Alberta, 2014) Conclusion In conclusion to this report, the benefits of recreation, sport and leisure has emerged as being significantly important. Health, social and personal benefits are defined as equally important. Although there are many barriers that can affect the participation of people with physical disabilities, it is addressed as mandatory. Based on the literature, the suggestion is that individuals with disabilities want to participate in recreation. However, the level of participation is low for the reasons of barriers outlined. One would suggest that with such high numbers of participants desiring recreation, the standard of services is left un-measured.

Sexual Harassment and Diversity in the Workplace :: Workplace Diversity

Introduction Workforce diversity is a new term in business and industry. It is a term that is still uncommon in various areas of the world. Diversity can be considered by taking two different perspectives. Firstly, there are those fundamental individual attributes that make everyone on the earth unique for example disability, personality among others. Secondly, there are those differences that exist based on group membership for example race, ethnicity, and cultural differences among others (Barak, 131). Diversity is being an associate of either an indiscernible or discernible groups that are believed to be mainstream in the society (Barak, 131). Pluralism, on the other hand, is the distribution of supremacy among the many groups of the society (Carroll and Buchholtz, 8). In other words, pluralism means decentralization and diversification of authority from a group of few individuals from the top to the majority at the bottom of the societal hierarchy. Workplace diversity brings about a variety of ethical issues in the places of work. For example, sexual harassment due to sexual orientation, racism and ethnicity, gender issues among others. Sexual harassment is characterized by annoying sexual advances and innuendos meant for others; who think that such actions violate their right or interfere with their work. People take part in sexual harassment because of their sexual desires, or when, they want some sexual favors; prompted by the prevailing situation. For example, employees may be harassed sexually, by their managers, so that they get promotion. Sexual harassment is one of the ethical issues that face managers and employees alike. If it is perceived in an organization, it can strain the relationship between the organization and the society (Carroll and Buchholtz, 4). My personal view Regarding sexual harassment, I personally think that people need to have a more mature way of dealing with issues of sexuality. We need to go about them more carefully and privately. Sexual advances can be made provided the two individuals consent on the same. These advances should not be pegged on certain expectations on favoritism in workplace but can be for the continuity of the genealogy or for the purposes of procreation. Various cultural practices have seen various forms of sexual relationships that exist within the society. As a Christian, I think is wrong and unfair to engage in irresponsible sexual behaviors like sexual harassment. We should bear in mind that it is against Christian teaching and against the ten commandments of God.

Part of Your World Essay

The song Part of Your World is from the movie The Little Mermaid and is sung by the main character, Ariel. This song embodies the ultimate goal of Ariel throughout the whole movie, which is to be a part of the world above the sea, land. As the song states, Ariel wishes to be â€Å"where the people are†. The title of this song comes straight from the lyrics themselves, in the chorus. In the song Ariel is singing to her friend, Flounder. She is trying to convey to him why she thinks the world on land is better than under the sea. She says â€Å"Flippin’ your fins, you don’t get too far, Legs are required for jumping, dancing,† this shows us some of what she would be able to do if she had legs instead of fins. She desires to be a human, not a mermaid. Another idea is that this song has a deeper meaning other than being a part of this world above the sea. As much as she is trying to convince Flounder of the beauties of the land, the metaphor of the song is showing us that to follow your dreams can be exciting. There are many other things to experience other than what is right in front of us. In this song there are many end rhymes; one specific example is this line â€Å"Isn’t it neat? Wouldn’t you think my collections complete? † Neat and complete is an example of rhyming. Rhyming happens when there is a repetition of the concluding sounds. Neat and complete both sound like eat. End rhymes occur when the rhyming syllable is at the end of the line in the poem. This is a perfect example of end rhyme. Another poetic sound device in Part of Your World is repetition, which is found throughout this song. For example â€Å"Up where they walk, up where they run, Up where they stay all day in the sun,† the term â€Å"up where they† is repeated several times. Repetition is also found in this line â€Å"I wanna be where the people are, I wanna see, wanna see them dancin’,† I wanna is used throughout creating a beautiful poetic sound. This song makes great use of alliteration. Alliterations happen when a beginning consonant is repeated like in this example â€Å"Flippin’ your fins, you don’t get too far. The repetitive use of the letter f creates a fun and exciting poetic sound device. Rhyming, specifically end rhyming, repetitions, and alliterations are three important poetic devices that are found in this song. These help the song flow along smoothly and make the song more interesting for the listener. Previously I mentioned the use of a metaphor. Metaphor is an example of a figure of speech or figurative device. Another example of this is a hyp erbole. Hyperbole is used in this song to better emphasize just how much Ariel would like to be a part of this new world she describes. â€Å"Bet’cha on land they understand, Bet they don’t reprimand their daughters† is a hyperbole; hyperbole is an over-exaggeration used to better emphasize a point. Metaphor and hyperbole are two figurative devices used in this song. Alan Menken and Howard Ashman, the writers of Part of Your World, use these various poetic and figurative devices beautifully in order to give you a better idea of Ariel’s desires and life goals. Jodi Benson does a beautiful job, as well, of conveying Ariel’s longing to visit this land above. One might believe the goal of this song truly is to allow the listener to look more broadly at his or her own life and decide if all needs are met. The figurative language in this song, hyperbole and metaphor, greater emphasize her goals and the poetic devices used make the song more enticing to the ear. This song gives the listener a hope for a greater future.

Leaders and subordinates in Spain Essay

Influenced by its collectivist past, family values, a sense of identity and belonging to a group, are constitutive parts of society in Spain. They care for each other in society like a family. For many Spanish people, the family is effectively a replacement for the state. Generally, Spaniards are very conservative and they will resist making decisions on hazardous matters, particularly if the consequences of their decision would affect other people. Thus, most Spaniards will look for support and approval of family, friends and co-workers before acting on their own. The Spanish believe if you are not a part of a group, neighbourhood, town or business organisation then you are not an integral part of society. This important aspect of the Spanish collectivist culture might restrict business activities and force the ‘outsider’ and visitors to the country to bear down their ‘outsider’ status by fitting into a group. However, regarding personal attributes, individualism is highly valued in Spain, along with an emphasis on character and social status. Therefore, personal qualities, appearance, image and personal relationships are extremely substantial elements in modern Spanish culture. Also, personal attributes and character are frequently valued as highly as technical ability, experience or professional competence. While being rather collectivists in their private lives the Spanish show distinct individualism in business context. When doing business in Spain, you will discover that individualism is especially predominant in management, where Spanish managers are less inclined to prefer group decision making and team orientation, as sharing the burden of decision-making is seen as a sign of weakness. Motivation is based on individual rather than collective relationships. The fact that only the individual in highest authority makes the final decision indicates that decision-making can become very slow and tedious, for many levels of management will have to be consulted in order to analyse the proposition. Therefore, it is crucial to maintain a good relationship with these intermediaries in order to succeed. Spain being a feministic society points to a low level of differentiation and discrimination between genders in Spanish society. Machismo is the word for male dominance, and the culture of old men who created it has changed dramatically. Spain has become a very equalitarian society where women are present at universities and work. However, men yet hold the majority of positions within companies. The reason for that is that Spanish men still restrain to treat women as equals in society. Many women in Spain are career oriented and seek high positions in society. Their social and educational status often assigns the role they eventually play in business. Despite the advancement women have made up to date, the change of women trying to achieve higher positions is progressing very slowly, due to the major barrier of it being the mentality of the females themselves. An example for changed/changing attitudes is Soledad Becerril who became not only the first mayoress in the early 90’s but also a symbol for many women in Spain of how Spanish females have made progress in the last years. She was also the first woman to become minister in the government, in 1981. And that is very significant of how Spain has changed and how it continues to do so. Furthermore, masculinity and femininity can be referred to the goals that are aimed for in professional life. Spain being a feministic society indicates issues of security of the job, good employer-employee relationship, pleasant cooperation with the colleagues and friendly work environment. Also, Spanish managers tend to pay more attention to consensus and apart from that, they like to rely on their intuition. HAMPDEN-TURNER & TROMPENAARS Spaniards tend to particularism rather than universalism. Therefore, at work Spanish seek gratification through personal relationships, especially with their superiors. Charismatic leaders find it easy to put their personal stamp on every area in a business. Most of the time job descriptions in Spain have a different function compared to the job descriptions in other countries. In Spain they seldom serve for selecting an employee, but subsequently they will be tailor-made for the favoured candidate. Spanish culture tolerates – even advocates – the expression of emotions (affectivity), also in the business environment. The admiration and display of heated, vital and animated expressions are just as common as fluent and dramatic delivery of statements in Spain. People from diffuse cultures carry their status everywhere; your boss remains your boss and will expect the same respect even if you meet him/her at the gym. Spain indicates to be a specific culture, where official relationships are carefully isolated from relationships of other nature. Using the previous example it means that you may show respect to your boss at the office but his status will not follow him outside the office, and he/she may well ask you for advice. This explains the Spanish being paradoxical in their decision making and in their relation to the community. As a consequence of the fact that Spaniards separate work and personal matters, nobody would take work-related criticism personally. Another theory is that people from diffuse cultures prefer to â€Å"circle around† and establish a relationship before any deal is done; those from specific cultures would rather get straight to the point, focus on the deal first and the relationship will flow from that. This definition contradicts the Spanish being a specific society as they need long discussions prior getting down to business and want to know the person they do business with. Therefore, networks are quite important. For Spanish, status is a thing that is given to them because of what they are (ascribed). It does not matter what you do but what or who you are. Ultimately, status and respect are conferred with the aid of family ties and connections. Concepts like bien educado (good education) and enchufado (good connections) distinguish this phenomenon. Achievement-oriented concepts like ‘pay for performance’ cause for incomprehension in societies like Spain. FUKUYAMA Fukuyama suggests Spain to be a low-trust society where workers are isolated by a series of bureaucratic rules. He describes Spain as a society with strong families and family businesses, a strong state and large foreign owned companies, where hierarchies are necessary in order to force those by distinct rules and measures, who do not act out ethical codes. Evidence of different leadership styles in Spain backs up this theory. A study on ‘Leadership from a Spanish perspectivei drafted by Instituto de Empresa and Deloitte stated that 56% of Spanish Directors prefer a participative leadership style. The report shows that future leaders have to act as coaches, and they must issue their subordinates with the skills and knowhow they need to work efficiently with their teams. However, participative leadership is not the norm among the Spanish directors. Therefore, there is a need for adapting the other styles and make them more participative which requires great commitment from the leaders. The styles least preferred by Spanish senior managers are those based on compulsion with little or no participation of employees and exception-based management where the director only steps in to sort out mistakes. Leaders of relatively new businesses are better at leadership styles, which are based on objectives and development. Where different sectors are concerned, the report unveils how directors in the financial sector tend to use leadership styles that are more direct, transactional and less oriented to learning. While companies in the technology sector give more importance to coaching and vision. MONOCHRONIC vs. POLYCHRONIC Spaniards can be classed as polychronic where nothing seems solid or firm, and there are always changes right up to the very last minute or even in plans for the future. Polychronic cultures are unconventional and flexible with time because it is not seen as a resource or as opportunity cost. Usually start times are flexible and schedules are unrushed. For example, it is not considered to be impolite to keep people waiting, as long as it does not exceed 30 minutes. Since time is also non-linear Spanish tend to manage several tasks at once, often in an unplanned sequence (e. g. salespeople in stores talk to several people at once rather than give only one customer their attention and taking people in turn; a meeting can be interrupted by a phone call; etc.). Another significant cultural difference is the smaller radius of personal space in Spain. Spaniards are most likely not to appologise when bumping into each other or pushing their way through crowds, which can be a shock to visitors from foreign countries. In the business environment, when it comes to forecasting, plans are often based on assumptions, intuition and experience because every day is regarded as unpredictable. Spaniards in the business environment usually make decisions based on judgement, experience and political realities. The supervisory style allows for the rules to be circumvented, whereas style and creativity are highly valued. Titles describe a person’s status, which people take pride in, causing great motivation for competition in organisations. Additionally, personal feelings affect the performance. Spanish managers feel that the employees must be watched, thus giving them the total control where also mistakes can be blamed on other people. However, the supervision is based on trust and some power is still delegated. LEADERSHIP STYLE Generally, the leadership style in Spain, in terms of concern for production and concern for people, demonstrates a high concern for people and little concern for production, whereby they try to avoid conflicts and concentrate on being liked, even at the expense of production. Managers in Spain are acquiring some qualities they look up to in other leaders. However, this contradicts with the theory stated above. Nevertheless, evidence suggest that Spanish leaders are still concerned about their leadership style. One of the conclusions of the first study on i Leadership from a Spanish perspectivei drafted by Instituto de Empresa and Deloitte indicated that 75% of Spain’s directors say that they regularly, or almost always use coaching, a personalised style that focuses on employee development. These leadership criteria are essential when it comes to competitiveness and organisations’ survival. 41% of directors stated that their preferred style of leadership is contingent reinforcement, which rewards subordinates for their achievements. 37% use the goal-oriented style, based on meeting challenges. Analysing the relations between leaders and subordinates in Spain showed that only 46% of Spanish leaders have a good concept of their subordinates. These leaders tend to use coaching as their preferred style of leadership. 26% of survey participants, however, point out having a quite negative concept of their subordinates. These leaders show a clear inclination to use directive and transactional management styles. Finally, the results of the study show clearly that Spanish development-oriented leaders are also very concerned about developing and educating their subordinates.

buy custom Food Allergy essay

buy custom Food Allergy essay Introduction When someone has a food allergy, it is said that the persons immune system has reacted in an exaggerated manner to some kind of food that the person has ingested (Chafen et al, 2010). The bodys immune system makes a mistake and sees some foods as harmful then fights against them causing a reaction in the body. There are some common food allergies like peanuts, fish, eggs and shellfish. Some other chemicals that may be added to food like preservatives could also cause allergic reactions. Symptoms show up to about two hours after eating. Food allergies are mostly common in children who sometimes outgrow them. However, it is possible for someone to develop an allergy as an adult. Approaches There are various diet approaches that can be used to prevent the development of food allergies in children. One of the approaches is for mothers to only breastfeed their babies for the first 4 to 6 months of their lives before introducing other foods into their diet. There is some evidence that eczema can be prevented using a dietary approach, information on allergy prevention is not very extensive. One of the most common forms of hyperthyroidism is the graves disease (Lack, 2008). This happens when the thyroid overreacts. One of the approaches to preventing this from being triggered is removing all material that causes toxicity to the thyroid from the diet. One of the substances that can be removed is soy. It interferes with the functioning of the thyroid by causing it to swell which can result in goiter. Another approach to preventing hyperthyroidism is avoiding all foods of the genus Brassica. These plants include cabbages, Brussels sprouts and broccoli. However, these plants hav e an opposite effect on the thyroid causing hypothyroidism instead. Researchers believe that most of the foods that cause autoimmune diseases are those that are new to the market of human consumption. They are mostly grains beans and lentils which have been around only for the past 40,000 years. Meat, vegetables and milk have been around for centuries. Going for a diet that mostly consists of these products will help to eliminate the risk of autoimmune complications (Lack, 2008). In order to come up with approaches that will be effective, it is important to find out the causes of allergies. Some of the causes are diabetes, obesity and other chronic illnesses. These complications can turn the most common foods into those that people are alergic to. Allergies to substances like wheat, dairy products, corn, alcohol, sugar, tobacco and soy can be prevented by taking these foods in a controlled way. Products from wheat, soy and corn can only be digested by the human body only to some level. Sugar that is not from vegetable and fruits is said to be toxic if taken in excess. In addition, tobacco and alcohol are also harmful to human systems. The protein that is part of grains (Gluten) is an allergen. The human body does not have the enzymes required to digest gluten and when taken in great amounts, it may lead to weight gain (Lack, 2008). Controversies There are certain controversies in food allergies. While people are always used to substances causing independent allergies, a combination of foods can cause an allergy that would not be there if the foods were ingested separately (Moneret-Vautrin, 1987). Intolerance to foods manifests itself in various areas of the body. They could be gastrointestinal, respiratory, cutaneous and nervous like when someone gets a headache or suddenly gets tired. Doctors and physicians should not take what their patients tell them and act on it without investigating. Because people associate their reactions to certain foods, they assume that they are allergic to the foods. There could be other factors other than food that are responsible for the adverse reactions. For instance, the spices used could be causing the reaction or the additives that were included in the foods. Due to this, the same type of food can cause an allergic reaction at one time then not cause any at another time (Moneret-Vautrin, 1 987). The chemical makeup of foods changes from the time that it is gotten raw to the time when it is consumed. Supplements Supplements and medications can be used to help people deal with their allergic reactions to food. One of the medications commonly used is Gastrocrom which can be inhaled by individuals before the symptoms of allergy start to show. It mostly helps to relieve symptoms of hay fever and asthma and works by preventing the release of histamine and other chemical triggers of allergic reactions. It can also be taken orally in the case of food allergies. This prescription medication consists of sodium cromolyn. Despite this, Gastrocrom has been criticized to some level. Since it works by relieving symptoms but not actually tackling the cause of the allergy, patients using it feel worse after the effects of the medication have worn off. Antihisttamines also help in a similar way. When it comes to supplements, they work by tackling the cause of the allergic reaction. When someone has an allergic reaction, chemicals and histamines are released by mast cells after the cells are exposed to allergen antibodies. Vitamin C is one of the supplements that work by increasing the stability of the mast cells and as a result, they may not release the harmful materials. Another supplement that can be used is quercitin which when taken in great amounts of four to six grams daily. Also, Pantogenic acid can be used to help with allergies. Whenever people have allergic reactions, there are hormones that leap into action to help. Pantogenic acid works by giving adrenal glands a boost since they produce the hormones. During an allergic reaction, the pH of the body becomes acidic and in order to help neutralize it, Bicarbonate substances can be used. However, they should be used moderately so as not to harm stomach acid by neutralizing it. It works best when taken from twenty minutes after the meal (Divi, 1997). In the 1960s, immunotherapy methods were developed and they can help people deal with their allergies. The immune systems reaction is altered. One of the most commonly used is neutralization. After a patient has gone through provocation-neutralization, dilutions of food extracts that neutralize his allergic reactions are developed. The doctor then develops one dilution that has extracts that neutralize all of the allergies and they are made into a dose. The patient can be given the dose either through an injection which they administer themselves or orally, under the tongue. The doses turn off the persons reaction to allergens. Doses change and so the patient should keep going to the doctor for updates. Conclusion As at now, food allergies are responsible for up to 60 medical conditions (Divi et al, 1997). More people are now reacting to different types of food. However, people should not jump into conclusions about the types of allergies they may have but investigate further and seek medical advice where necessary. The approaches to preventing allergies are still developing and they should be taken seriously. For those who react adversely to foods and may have serious medical conditions, supplements could work for them. Food is an essential part of existence and people should strive to ensure that they are eating right and know the effects of everything they eat to their bodies. Buy custom Food Allergy essay